Jiangxi Water Resources Institute traces its origin to Jiangxi Nanchang Water Conservancy School founded in 1956. Approved by the Jiangxi Provincial People's Government and filed with the Ministry of Education in 2013, it was formally established by integrating resources from multiple water conservancy-related colleges and centers. It is the only higher vocational college specializing in water conservancy and hydropower in Jiangxi Province.

　　The college has two campuses: Hudong Campus (in Ganjiang New District) and Baishui Lake Campus, covering a total area of over 1,200 mu (about 80 hectares) with a total construction area of more than 500,000 square meters. Its main campus is adjacent to several renowned universities in the province, while Hudong Campus was put into use in September 2024. The campus incorporates water conservancy-themed elements, with 6 practical training buildings, 220 training venues and laboratories, as well as off-campus internship bases, providing excellent school-running conditions.